Always updating:
1. Concepts and laws of circuit like KVL, KCL, mesh, node, etc. both mathematically and practically. Also introduction to lab equipment like oscilloscope, function generator, power supplies, spectrum analyzer, programmable dc load, etc.
a. KVL example circuit drawing, simulating, breadboard prototyping, mathematical calculations and practical measurements.
b. KCL example circuit drawing, simulating, breadboard prototyping, mathematical calculations and practical measurements.
c. Voltage and current divider example circuit drawing, simulating, breadboard prototyping, mathematical calculations and practical measurements.
d. Four terminal sensing example circuit drawing, simulating, breadboard prototyping, mathematical calculations and practical measurements.
e. Wheatstone bridge example circuit drawing, simulating, breadboard prototyping, mathematical calculations and practical measurements.
f. Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors – fundamental theory and applications.
g. Impedance, resistance, reactance, admittance, conductance, susceptance.
2. Diodes, BJTs, FETs and basic semiconductor devices along with their models.
a. Common diodes, Light Emitting Diode, Photodiode, Schottky Diode, Shockley diode, Varactor Diode or Varicap Diode, Zener Diode etc.
b. Common NPN and PNP diodes, N-channel and P-channel MOSFETs, JFETs, IGBT, Thyristors (SCRs, diac/triacs), etc.
3. AC-DC sources and their applications.
a. AC and DC power source fundamentals and their uses.
b. Transformers, Rectifiers, ripples and filtering
c. Theory and operation of linear and switch mode power supplies
i. Linear Voltage regulators
ii. DC-DC converters (Isolated/non-isolated, Buck/Boost/SMPS/Ćuk/Sepic/Flyback converter)
d. Batteries and their safe usage (lead-acid, dry-cell, zinc carbon, alkaline, lithium ion, lithium polymer, nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride, etc.)
4. Applications of semiconductors (Diodes, FETs and BJTs) in real life scenes. Designing in PCB, Vero board, Strip board, etc.
5. Op Amps, comparators and 555 timers and their uses.
a. Operational amplifier basics, inverting, non-inverting amplifiers, non-inverting and inverting summing amplifier, differential amplifiers, differentiator, integrator, comparator, voltage follower, peak detector, oscillators etc.
b. Active filters, low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject filters with operational amplifiers.
c. Oscillators, Astable, monostable and bistable multivibrators and clock generators, Pulse width modulation, duty cycle, hysteresis.
6. Digital logic devices and designs.
a. DLD fundamentals and logic gates such as - AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR
b. Binary arithmetic, truth tables, Karnaugh maps, Boolean algebra, floating point arithmetic, combinational circuits, Binary coded decimal, parity, gray code, etc.
c. Universal gates, adder circuits, subtractor circuits, multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoder, decoder, flips flops, latch circuits, edge triggered flip flops, counters, synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits, state machine (table, diagram), shift registers.
d. Introduction to and working with 74 series and 4000 series chips
7. Measurement techniques for R, L, C. ADC, DAC and mathematical modelling and understanding.
8. Advanced analog and digital mixed systems, MEMs, Piezo materials, Transducers
ADC, DAC fundamentals such as resolution, quantization error, dither, jitter, sampling rate, aliasing, oversampling. Schemes such as direct conversion, successive approximation, ramp-compare, Wilkinson, integrating, delta integrated, sub ranging quantizer (pipelined), sigma-delta, intermediate FM stage,
9. Basic telecom engineering concepts and applications like radios, DTMF, telephone, wireless communication (RF, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, IR, NFC) etc. Encoding schemes such as Manchester coding, NRZ coding, etc. and Phillips NEC, RC5 for IR communication.
10. Application of linear systems in analog electronics.
11. Microprocessors, Micro controllers and other embedded systems.
Atmel AVR, 8051, Intel 8086, STM8, STM32, Microchip PIC, TI MSP430 ultra low power series, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266, ESP32 etc.
Atmel AVR, 8051, Intel 8086, STM8, STM32, Microchip PIC, TI MSP430 ultra low power series, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266, ESP32 etc.
12. Sensors & communicating with them.
a. Accelerometers, Gyro, Color, Light, Vibration, Flex, Fingerprint, Touch, Thermal, Temperature, Humidity, Moisture, IMUs, Pressure, Distance, Sound, Proximity, Motion, Altitude, Compass, Ultrasonic, Infrared, Force, Weight,
b. SPI, I2C, UART, USART, I2S, MODBUS, CAN, USB, One wire,
13. Input and output devices in embedded systems
a. switches, buttons, matrix keypads, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, rotary encoders,
b. LEDs, bar graph displays, RGB LEDs, seven segment displays, LCDs, TFT displays,
14. Digital signal processing and its application in embedded systems (FIR and IIR filters).
15. Advanced microcontroller based systems and their design.
16. Application of control systems concepts like PID, fuzzy logic, Fourier, Laplace and Z transform in embedded systems.
17. Advanced programming concepts like RTOS and the basics of VLSI design.
18. Simulation software such as OrCAD, Multisim, Proteus etc.
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